History of Computer in the world

Posted by Obay Tutorial at 2:04 AM

In this article we will know better about the history of computer development from the beginning to the end started the first generation to the fifth generation. In the modern era like now who do not know computers, I think almost everyone is now familiar with the computer world. According to what I have written earlier definition of a computer is an electronic calculating machine which quickly and can receive digital input information, and then processed in accordance with a program stored in its memory, and generate output information.

The definition According to Hamacher, while the definition of computer itself comes from the Latin computare means counting. Because the extent of cultivated fields of computer science, experts and researchers differ slightly in defining termininologi computer.The development of computers over time increasingly unstoppable again, but behind it all there is to know whether the beginning or the history of the birth of the computer, if you do not know about the history of computer in the world check out the following reviews:

The First generation computer

The first generation of computers is the ENIAC, which was the world's first electronic computer that has a weight weighing 30 tons, length 30 M and 2.4 M and require high electrical power 174 kilowatts. This first generation computers using vacuum tubes (vacuum-tube) glass for a signal amplifier. But it still has many obstacles such as: easy to break, and quickly distribute the heat.

The historical development of the first generation have the following characteristics:

• At the time of generation of mini computers are still a lot of heat.
• Using electronic components made of Vacuum Tubes (Vacuum Tube).
• The program is made in machine language (Machine Language), whose program is stored in computer memory.
• To operate also require considerable electrical force.
• Capacity provided for penyimpannan data is very small and limited.
• The program is still using machine language using codes 0 and 1 in a certain order.
• The process is relatively slow.
• Has a size or shape that is so great that it needs a room wide enough only to put this computer.
• The main orientation in business applications.
• Use outside the system of magnetic tape and magnetic disk.

The Second generation computer

The historical computer of the second generation born in the 1960s, the invention of the transistor sanggat are affecting the development of the computer at the time. Dapatb transistor replaced the vacuum tubes. And it is certainly altering all sizes of electrical machines. The transistor used in computers around the 1956's. Another invention is the development of magnetic-core memory to help the development of second generation computers smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy efficient than the first generation of computers.

The development of second generation computers have the following characteristics:

• Programs can be created with high-level languages (high level language), such as FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL.
• The capacity of the main memory is already quite large
• The circuit is a transistor
• The physical size of the computer smaller than the first generation computer
• Does not require too much electricity
• Oriented business and engineering
• Operation process has been fast

The Third generation computer

The third generation of computers is a very rapid development of the development of the existing computer. The third generation of computers appeared since the 1965-1971's. The transistor is considered inefficient longer makes scientists look for other alternatives and later found on a stone quartz (Quartz rock). Jack Kilby, an engineer at Texas Instruments, developed the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958. This is an innovation that could boost the emergence of third generation computers.

The Fourth generation computer

Once the IC is found, the more rapid development of computer and clear. In 1971 chip INTEL 4004 brought major advances in the world of IC, Intel managed to incorporate all the components within a computer (central processing unit, memory, and control input / output) into a single chip is very small, if previously used IC to perform a specific job just then during this period the microprocessor can be produced and programmed to run all the requirements.
The development of the fourth generation of computers can be characterized as follows: 

• Developed microcomputer using a microprocessor and semiconductor in the form of chips for computer memory.
• In this generation computers are already cursing Large Scale Integration (LSI).

The Fifth Generation Computer

Historical development of fifth generation computers are computers that we use today where this generation is characterized by the emergence: LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is the solidification of thousands microprocessor into a microprocesor. In addition, it is also marked by the advent of the microprocessor and semi-conductor. 

Companies that make the micro-processor include: Intel Corporation, Motorola, Zilog and others. In the market we can see the microprocessor from Intel with models 4004, 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and Pentium. Pentium-4 is the latest production from Intel Corporation that is expected to cover all the weaknesses that exist in previous products, in addition, the ability and speed of the Pentium-4 also increased to 2 GHz. The images that appear to be smoother and sharper, in addition to the speed of processing, sending or receiving pictures also becomes faster.